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Background: In today's competitive environment, organizations focus on issues that affect cost and productivity, such as absenteeism due to illness (sick leave). According to the importance of this subject, this study done to assess the effective factors on the number of sick leave days among steel industry workers.Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted on workers of Mobarakeh Steel Company, Isfahan, Iran, during 2011-2015. In this study, was used model multilevel path analysis with Poisson's response; MPLUS software was used to analyze the data.Findings: 7020 participants with the mean age of 38.89 ± 7.64 years entered the study. In within-group level, variables of age, education, and disease (cardiovascular disease, arthritis and osteopathy disease, indigestion disease, endocrine disease, and cancer) had direct effect, and variables of work experience and Framingham score had indirect effect on the number of sick leave days. In addition, in between-group level, the possibility of shift work and being a smoker had direct effects on the number of the sick leave days.Conclusion: The results from the study shows that shift work workers are more exposed to disease that eventually results in an increase in the number of their sick leave days than day workers.

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