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Background: Since exclusive breastfeeding depends on several factors, recognition of any of these factors influence the adoption of preventive strategies for early termination of breast-feeding would be helpful. This study aimed to determine the relationship between postpartum depressions and exclusive breastfeeding. Methods: In this cross-sectional and case-control study, during the second and third seasons of 2012 in the city of Qom, Iran, 100 mothers were divided into groups according to their infants' nutritional status. In addition to collecting demographic data, Beck questionnaire was used to determine the depression status. Data at a significance level of less than 0.05 were analyzed. Findings: The mean depression score was 12.81, 13.59, and 15.06 in the exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding with breast milk, and complete cessation of breast-feeding groups, respectively; the score was not significantly different between the groups. Prevalence of mild depression was 5%, 8%, and 10% in the exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding with breast milk, and complete cessation of breast-feeding groups, respectively. Also, major depression disorder was seen only in complete cessation of breast-feeding group with the rate of 5%. There was a significantly inverse association between the depression score and insufficient milk and having supportive spouse. Conclusion: Although the score of depression in exclusive breastfeeding group was less than other groups, but ANOVA test showed no significant difference in this regard. Maternal perception of milk insufficiency as well as having support of spouse reduced the depression.

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