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Background: Nowadays the extensive changes in lifestyle have resulted in an increase in consumption of fast food. This type of food is made by deep fat fry which may contain some toxic or unfavorable substances that have adverse effects on consumers__AWT_QUOTE__ health. The aim of this study was to determine the peroxide value, acid value and rancidity of edible oil which are used in sweets and samosah in Borkhar and Meymeh__AWT_QUOTE__s confectionery and delicatessens.   Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in all delicatessens and sweets (n=54) in Borkhar and Meymeh. The peroxide value, acid value and rancidity were determined based on national standard procedure number 4179, in the food laboratory.   Findings: The findings of this study showed that 7.4% of the tested oil has a non permissible Rancidity value. In the other word 87% of the samples were healthy.   Conclusion: These findings of the study is indicated that the oil health regulations are not exercised in Borkhar and Meymeh__AWT_QUOTE__s delicatessens and sweet shops and this can have adverse effects on the consumers__AWT_QUOTE__ health.  

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Background: Early and late menopauses result in various physical and mental complications. On the other hand, family health primarily depends on mothers' health. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the social factors related to age of natural menopause in Zahedan. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 menopausal women in Zahedan during 2008. Subjects were randomly selected from 38 health centers. The sampling was started from a random point near each health center continued until 13 appropriate individuals were selected from every center. The data were collected by interviews with women. Data analysis was conducted in SPSS using independent t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and principal component analysis. Findings: This study showed mean ± SD and median age of menopause as 47.3 ± 6.3 and 48 years, respectively. The socioeconomic and menstrual-reproductive factors that were significantly related to early mean age of menopause were celibacy (44.6 years, P = 0.04), low income level (45.3 years, P = 0.043), low social class (45.2 years, P = 0.048), and smoking (45.8 years, P = 0.039). Conclusion: In addition to genetic and menstrual-reproductive factors, social factors especially socioeconomic factors can also affect the age of natural menopause. Since of menopause is related with some diseases, complications and mortality among women, this phenomenon should be noticed as an epidemiological issue in societies and early menopause should be prevented.

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Background: The objective of this study was to measure the total suspended particulate (TSP), PM10 and PM 2.5 air particulates in the selected intercity bus stations located in the central square of Hamadan, to review the distribution concentration of the air particulates content and to evaluate its possible health risk to the people who spent little time of their daily time in those places. Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study. Sampling was done systematically in six bus stations at different time intervals. A portable air sampler, sampled air at 10 liters per minute for suspended particulates (TSP and PM10) measured at 1 meter height above the ground. For measuring PM2.5 after the cyclone, fine particles were collected at a flow rate of 2 liters per minute onto a filter. The suspended particulate was collected on 47 mm mixed cellulose ester (MCE) membrane filters, which must be weighed pre and post-exposure to determine the concentrations in micrograms/cubic meter. Temperature, humidity and wind speed was measured at the sampling locations, and their averages were recorded. To analyze the data, we used statistical analysis Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS software to study the correlation between the concentration variation of the particulate distribution and humidity, temperature and wind speed as well. Findings: The results obtained for TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 during the sampling period were 1220.9 ± 1418.5, 524.7 ± 217.5 and 386 ± 193.6 μg/m3, respectively. Exposure to these pollutants as time weighted average were 50.872, 21.87 and 16.08 µg /m3, respectively that were lower than the standards set by the accredited organizations. There was no significant relationship between the concentration variation of the suspended particulate and wind speed and air temperature (P > 0.05); however, there was a significant relationship between the concentration variation of the suspended particulate and humidity (P < 0.05). PM2.5 and PM10 with total suspended particles had correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.74 and r2 = 0.78, respectively. Conclusion: Results of this study illustrated that there were particular concerns regarding potential human health impacts for people who spend considerable time at intercity bus stations or close to them. Pedestrians and unofficial business employees are expected to be exposed to high concentrations of suspended particulate pollution because of longer contact time that applied in this study.

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Background: suicide is one of the most important health problems in communities and knowledge of rates and epidemiology of it in any region could help in control and preventing programs .Longitudinal registration of annual death data has been employed in this study. Methods: In an analytical and cross sectional study pre conducted forms of suicide was engaged to register data , crude and specific attempted and completed suicides rates was computed along with other demographic variables . Statistical analysis includes estimation of relative risks and also correlation analysis between variables. Data were released from health province center of Bushehr University of medical sciences. Only suicide acts that resulted in hospitalization or death were included in the study. Findings: annual incidence of suicide in women was 5.7 and 2.88 in men per 100000 people in the province. Overall, 6.6 % of all suicide acts proved lethal (no significant difference between males and females), but number of attempt suicides and completed suicides in females were twice more comparing to males (RR=2.3 &1.98 respectively). Fatality rate of suicide acts in the whole was 6/6 percent and no significant difference observed between males and females. Poisoning with drugs accounted for 87% of acts but only 8% of fatalities. Self immolation accounted for only 6% of suicide acts but 71% of fatalities. hanging was the most fatal method( fatality rate 100%) followed by self immolation (fatality rate 69%).highest fatality rate was observed in unemployed men (9/3%) followed by housewife ( 7/2%). Conclusion: incidence of suicide in the province for men is lower and for women was higher than that was observed in the country, such as other deprived regions of the country. The most high risk groups for complete suicide were illiterate housewife and then unemployed men with low education. incomplete suicides almost happens under age 25 years in educated women single or married and in educated almost single men.  

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Background: Swimming is an important exercise for the body and soul. Failure to comply with health standards can lead to health problems and the transmission of infectious diseases to swimmers. The aim of this study was to investigate the qualitative indicators of water in swimming pools in Shahinshahr, Iran, and compare them with the standards.Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011-2012. From the 3 swimming pools in Shahinshahr, 288 water samples were collected during 4 months, once every 3 weeks. The parameters of residual chlorine, pH, turbidity, and temperature and microbial parameters such as heterotrophic bacteria, pseudomonas aeruginosa, total coliform, and fecal coliform were evaluated.Findings: The results of the study showed that residual chlorine, pH, turbidity, and temperature were desirable in 36.11%, 13.88%, 52.77%, and 22.22% of samples, respectively. In addition, the population of total coliform, fecal coliform, heterotrophic bacteria, and pseudomonas aeruginosa were in desirable ranges in 88.88%, 88.88%, 72.22%, and 86.11% of samples, respectively.Conclusion: According to the results, the parameters of residual chlorine, temperature, and pH had the least compliance with the standards. This shows the necessity of continuous monitoring of physical and chemical parameters and disinfection of water in swimming pools.

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Background: Developing a culture of safety is a core element of many efforts to improve patient safety in hospitals and medical centers. This study aimed to assess patient safety culture in a hospital in Shiraz, Iran.Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 210 clinical staff of a hospital in Shiraz. The Persian version of the Modified Stanford Instrument (MSI), after assessing its validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.744), was used for data collection. Patient safety culture was classified into 4 levels of poor (101-125), medium (126-150), good (151-175), and high (176-200). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software.Findings: The mean age and work experience of the participants were 28.60 ± 11.68 and 4.80 ±11.68, respectively. The mean score of safety culture was 150.140 ± 0.806. Among the studied variables, job, hospital department, and age had a significant correlation with safety culture (P < 0.05). The highest level of safety culture was related to the laboratory, radiology, and surgery departments.Conclusion: Although the status of patient safety culture in the studied hospital was classified as good, it is essential to plan and execute the required interventions to enhance it to the high level. These interventions include continuing education for staff and continuous improvement of clinical governance in the hospital.

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Background: Heating vegetable oils in the presence of air results in oxidative changes and production of hydroperoxides and volatile compounds. The main objectives of this study were to determine the peroxide value and rancidity index of oil samples collected from delicatessens and confectioneries of Shahinshahr and Meymeh County, Iran, and to compare these parameters with the recommended standard values.Methods: In this study, 103 samples were randomly collected from delicatessens and confectioneries. The Iranian standard procedures numbers 493 and 4179 were used for sampling method and peroxide test, respectively. The rancidity index was examined using the Kereis method. Analysis of the parameters to assess the accuracy of the results was carried out simultaneously at three different laboratories including the School of Health, Ibn Sina Private Laboratory, and Food and Drug Department.Findings: The results showed 100% raw oil and 88.3% consumed and extracted oil samples were permissible with regard to the peroxide standard. In addition, with regard to rancidity, 100% of raw oil samples were valid, while 100% of consumed oil and 85% of extracted oil samples were corrupt. Moreover, 16.8% and 75.0% of the samples collected from units with health and sanitation standards had a peroxide index of higher than the permissible value, respectively. The results of the School of Public Health and Ibn Sina Private Laboratory were perfectly matched.Conclusion: This study showed that the peroxide test alone is not sufficient to determine oil quality and other tests such as rancidity should also be used in this regard. Furthermore, the health status of manufacturing units plays an important role in improving these indicators.

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