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Background: Most managers and employees' manner and actions are influenced by the ethical values and they are rooted in ethics. In the current situation, violating some ethical criteria has currently brought anxiety among the governmental and non- governmental sectors. Then, the efficient managers are worried mostly about how to provide appropriate opportunities for the human being to observe the ethical codes and reinforce their responsibility and commitment in different levels. This is also true for the health system in the society which is governing by the universities of medical sciences in Iran; furthermore, it is crucially important to have an Islam- driven focus on the ethical criteria at work. Therefore in this study Islamic working ethics surveyed within the employees in health system.  Methods: This is a descriptive- applied research. Participants are 8280 employees in four different sectors in the health system that 239 persons among them were selected as sample. The questionnaire was distributed among all of, but just 198 (83%) handed them. The literature of the study was reviewed from some available relevant books and articles, the hypotheses were also testified through a researcher- made questionnaire which included 20 close questions based on the Likert scale. Also, by using Cronbach's alpha, the validity of the study was calculated as equal to 91%. In addition, the experts and authorities verified its face and content validity through a multi- stage Delphi method. Finally, data were analyzed by descriptive (frequency, mean), and inferential methods (two-sentence test and K2) with SPSS -16.  Findings: In this study, the statistical analysis revealed, Islamic working ethics governance among the employees in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences was desirable. None of the factors didn__AWT_QUOTE__t influence in faith, perseverance and effort. Healthy human relationship in the work place is depended on the employees' gender and working domain. Finally, gender, age, working domain and managing background affected their religious commitment.  Conclusion: Due to the importance study of the Ethical behavior, especially the Islamic working ethics, in organizations, it is crucial to analyze the effect of Work ethic by focusing on the Islamic ethic and governing culture in organizations in Iran. According to the results of this study Islamic working ethics governance is demanded among the employees and depends on their gender, age, working domain and managing background.  

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Background: The Retention rates are important factors in methadone maintenance treatment. This study was performed with aims to determine the attitude and subjective norms in Methadone Treatment Maintenance among Kohgilouyeh and Boyer Ahmad’s province addict who referred addiction treatment centers. Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study that done among men’s addicted who are receiving methadone maintenance therapy referred to addiction treatment centers. Sampling was in systematic proportional method among addiction treatment centers in each of the cities. Questioner by referred to addiction centers selected men’s addicted in randomly. Data were analyzed by SPSS-21. Findings: Mean age of participants was 33.58±8.94 with range 16 to 53 years. Among attitude structure’s questions respectively, reduce of harm reduction drugs on health, better communicate with people around and reduce the cost of living, and among subjective norms structure’s questions, family approved and number of friends involved in methadone treatment had achieved the highest score average. Conclusions: It seems, increase in beliefs such as harm reduction, reduce the cost of living and improve relationships and effect of family and friends support can be effective for retention on methadone maintenance therapy among addicts.

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Background: Foreign immigrants form the part of the population of each country. Among the foreign immigrant population in Iran, The share of immigrants and nationals from Afghanistan is very noticeable. One of the factors that affect this people's physical and mental health is social support. This study aimed to investigate the status of social support and its effective factors on afghan immigrants were performed.  Methods: This cross-sectional study of 400 cases of Afghan immigrants was carried out in Savojbolagh County in 1391. For collecting the survey data, the Questionnaires of demographic and Vaux's social support have been used. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and correlation, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, by SPSS18 software. Findings: The study cases were 231 men (57.7%) and 169 women (42.3%). Total average age of immigrants is 54.8 ±01.26, the average age for men is 54.7 ± 58.24 and for women is 42.9 ± 96.27. The average score of Social support was higher in women than men. Between social support and gender, education, job satisfaction, economic status, chronic disease, and residence status, a statistically significant relationship was found (P< 0.05). However, the statistically significant relationship between social support and place of birth was not observed (P>0.05).  Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, different individual and environmental factors can be effective in the social support of migrants. Also social support status of Afghan immigrants is moderate, so the need to provide informational, emotional, and instrumental support for enhancing the social support status in them is tangible.

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Background: Ritalin is an amphetamine that possible to abuse, especially among college students. This study performed with aim to determine the attitudes, subjective norms, prototype, willingness and behavioral intentions regarding Ritalin abuse among college students.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 264 college students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, during spring 2013. Participants selected in random sampling with probability proportional to size, and data were collected by using questionnaire in self-report. Data were described by using SPSS-21.Findings: Mean age of students was 23.02±2.28 years. 6.6 percent of students reported having experienced Ritalin abuse. Participants respectively received 47.7, 48.6, 48, 43.5 and 52.6 percent of the maximum score for the domains; attitudes, subjective norms, prototype, willingness and behavioral intention to use Ritalin.Conclusion: Our findings showed, more intention to Ritalin abuse during cores exam, it seem skills study education for student could be beneficial results to Ritalin abuse prevention.

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Background: In the past two decades psychoactive drugs especially among adolescents and youth are common, these drugs located in the second row of drug abuse in the world. Present study performed with aim of determinant of predictors of psychoactive drugs use among adolescents and youth in Kermanshah city based on theory of planned behavior.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among 385 adolescents and youth in Kermanshah. Participants were selected in simple random. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: demographics, knowledge Questions about the consequences of psychoactive drugs and Structures questionnaire of the theory of planned behavior that completed by participants in self-report. The data collected were analyzed by SPSS-21 with utilizes of regression tests and Pearson correlation.Findings: 7.2 and 4.2 % of the participants were experienced Cristal and Ecstasy. Subjective norms (OR=1.455), perceived behavioral control (OR=0.793) and behavioral intentions (OR=1.440) predicted psychoactive drugs use.Conclusion: It seems that drug use by close friends and peer pressure as encouraging factors provide the conditions for the use of psychoactive drugs.Key Words: Adolescent, Young, Psychoactive Drugs, Theory of Planned Behavior

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Background: Association between vitamin D deficiency and some components of metabolic syndrome was previously investigated by some cross sectional studies. Howevr, these findings are usually inconsistent. With regard to the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iran, this study was conducted to investigate the association of Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and markers of metabolic syndrome in adult womenMethods: In this cross sectional study, 156 women aged ≥30 havig at least three criteria of the metabolic syndrome were recruited by consecutive random sampling. Serum 25(OH) D levels and the components of the metabolic syndrome were measured. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to NCEP/ATP III criteria. Subjects were grouped in three chategories according to their serum concentrations of 25(OH)D.Findings: Mean concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in serum was 20.5 ± 10.8 ng/ml. 54.5% of the subjects were identified vitamin D deficient. Also, 23.1% and 22.4% were found insufficient and sufficient, respectively. After adjustment for age, BMI and physical activity, ANCOVA showed fasting blood sugar concentration was inversely associated with serum 25(OH)D(P=0.004). There was a significant correlation between HDL-C and vitamin D status (P=0.014). Waist circumference showed a relative but not statistically significant correlation with serum vitamin D concentration. Moreover, no significant association was observed between any other components of metabolic syndrome and vitamin D level across the chategorized groups.Conclusion: Based on stong association between serum 25(OH) D level with fasting blood sugar and HDL-C concentration, the former can be a predicivte parameter for chronic disease. However, to determine the role of vitamin D in metabolic syndrome and related disease, large prospective studies and clinical trials should be conducted in the future.Key Words: Metabolic Syndrome, Diet, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, Blood Glucose, Lipid Profiles, Women

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Background: Data and information resources are scattered in health care institutions and health systems and integrated access to them for reporting and analysis is challenging. Application of data warehouse can be a solution to this issue. Thus, this study aimed to investigate data warehouse applications in the field of health, identify its challenges, and provide solutions.Methods: This was a comprehensive and narrative review study. First, the keywords in the field of data warehouse were determined and the extent of the search was limited to the filed of health. Than, the relevant articles were selected from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and ScienceDirect databases.Findings: Today, most health care institutions face the challenge of collecting, organizing, and retrieving disparate and bulky data for research, quality improvement, outcome analysis, or best practices determination. The solution to most of these challenges is data warehouse. This technique may resolve many problems in data management and utilization of health system data.Conclusion: The use of systems such as data warehouse is the main objective of the health system for the prevention of the onset or progression of diseases and improvement of public health. This paper was a first step in creating and using the National Health Data Warehouse, and thus, requires a national approach to address its challenges and solutions.

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Background: Nutrition has been recognized as one of the most important factors affecting cognitive function. Zinc is a micronutrient element, the deficiency of which has irreversible complications in early life and reversible complications in later stages of life. The main objective of this study was to assess the correlation between serum zinc concentrations and cognitive function and educational performance in young girls in art schools.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 students were randomly assessed and their serum zinc status was assessed using flame atomic absorption spectrometry technique. Intelligence quotient (IQ), memory, and attention were measured using Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM), Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), and Bonnardel’s accuracy/letter eliminating tests, respectively. Educational performance was assessed using the academic scores average. General linear model (GLM) was used to evaluate the effect of serum zinc levels on variation in IQ, memory, attention, and educational scores.Findings: The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of zinc serum level was 105.51 ± 31 µg/dl. The mean ± SD of RPM, WMS, Bonnardel’s accuracy test and Bonnardel’s letter eliminating test scores, and academic scores average were 91.44 ± 11.80, 84.6 ± 11.2, 46.0 ± 0.6, 44.84 ± 5.20, and 14.15 ± 1.80, respectively. A significant positive relationship was detected between serum zinc levels and scores of RPM, WMS, and Bonnardel’s tests (P < 0.05 for all). However, no significant relation was found between zinc serum levels and academic scores average.Conclusion: Serum zinc level has a positive relationship with IQ, memory, and attention in young female students. Thus, education regarding the use of zinc must be considered in order to improve educational performance in young female students.

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Background: Phytoremediation is an effective and cost-effective technique for the treatment of polluted soil. To better implement phytoremediation, it is necessary to know the microbial population variation trend. In the present study, microbial population changes were evaluated in rhizosphere and control soil.Methods: The experimental soil was divided into 5 parts, and was polluted with 0.43, 0.86, 1.9, 4.13, and 8.27% (w/w) concentrations of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs). Microbial population variation and initial crude oil concentration were measured using ‌heterotrophic plate count (HPC) and gas chromatography (GC) methods, respectively.Findings: According to the results, the average microbial population in planted (7.55 log10CFU/g) and with nutrient treatments (7.79 log10CFU/g) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the treatments without plants (6.629 log10CFU/g) and without nutrients (6.97 log10CFU/g). Moreover, the maximum microbial populations were observed in treatments polluted with 0.86% (w/w) of TPHs (8.372 log10CFU/g).Conclusion: Due to their micronutrient secretion for bacteria, plants and nutrients can increase the microbial population and efficiency of phytoremediation.

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Background: The necessity of introducing an effective interventional package in helping couples who suffered from and adversely influenced by cyberspace is evident from its expansive nature in married life communications and interactions, as well as its significant role in the quality of conjugal relationships. Accordingly, the present study aimed to examine the efficacy of cyberspace-induced damage-based interventions on marital quality.Methods: The subjects of this quasi-experimental study were selected among cyberspace-damaged couples who visited various cultural centers, completed a cyberspace-induced damage questionnaire, and received significantly higher damage scores than the mean score. They were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Intervention in the experimental group was made in the form of 11 educational sessions. Research instruments included a cyberspace-induced damage to conjugal relationship and the perceived relationship quality components (PRQC) questionnaires. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data via SPSS software.Findings: Cyberspace-induced damage-based treatment/education was effective in improving the marital quality of the experimental group; meaning that post-test mean values for marital quality was significantly higher for the experimental group compared with the control group )P < 0.05(.Conclusion: The developed pair counseling program can serve as an effective method to enhance the quality of life among cyberspace-damaged married. 

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Background: Physical activity is a key factor in maintaining health and preventing non-communicable diseases. The present study was conducted in 2016-2017 academic year to investigate level of self-efficacy and physical activity among boy high school students (junior) in the city of Flavarjan, Iran.Methods: The present descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 254 boy junior high school students selected according to a multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Pearson, independent t, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression tests at the significance level of P < 0.050.Findings: Students' mean physical activity score was 2630.36 met/cal/week, and physical activity was intense in 10.2%, moderate in 52.3%, and poor in 37.5% of students. Mean self-efficacy score was 57.26 ± 18.14. A significant relationship was observed between self-efficacy and physical activity (r = 0.24, P < 0.001). Mother education and self-efficacy predicted physical activity by 0.36.Conclusion: Self-Efficacy in physical activity among high school students was moderate. As regards, self-efficacy affects physical activity as an intrinsic factor; so, it is recommended to use strategies of self-efficacy to enhance physical activity among the students.

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Background: Food Safety Management System (FSMS) is known as a tool to manage the risks in production chain. First step in establishing this system is to observe the Prerequisite Programs (PRPs) including Good Manufacturing Procedure (GMP), Good Hygiene Procedure (GHP), Good Laboratory Procedure (GLP), Hazard Analytical Critical Control Point (HACCP), and International Standard Organization (ISO). These programs are used by Food and Drug Administration of Ministry of Health in Iran through a checklist named PRPs to investigate the food processing plants conditions. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluation of meat and can food processing plants based on the implementation of PRPs to establish FSMS in Isfahan, Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 33 meat and can processing plants were investigated by census method in Isfahan in 2016 and 2017. The evaluation of processing plants was performed based on four quality grades of A, B, C, and D after completion of PRPs checklist. Descriptive analysis and comparison were performed in SPSS software.Findings: 39.4% and 42.4% of meat and can processing plants of Isfahan City belonged to grade C with the most frequency, in 2016 and 2017, respectively. These processing plants were poor in observing HACCP and ISO principles. The increasing of PRPs score was observed in all processing plants in 2017 compared with 2016.Conclusion: Implementation of FSMS is possible through observing all PRPs principles. It is recommended to educate the quality control managers and technical experts of food processing plants on the importance of FSMS implementation in order to produce safe and healthy food products.

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Background: Some children have difficulty with verbal intelligence as well as creativity and lexical literature, and as a result, skills such as reading and writing. Using appropriate methods for children, such as narrative therapy, can probably help improve children's learning and academic achievement in the future. The present research was conducted to determine the effect of narrative therapy on verbal intelligence, creativity, and lexical literature in children of Tohid Kindergarten in Isfahan, Iran.
Methods: This was an experimental pretest-posttest study with control group. For this purpose, from all children of Tohid Kindergarten in Isfahan City in 2018-2019, 30 children were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned into two experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Then the experimental group was trained in 8 sessions of 4 minutes. Before and after the implementation of the independent variable, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) (verbal understanding and lexical range) and the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) (form B) were used as research tools. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).
Findings: In the pre-test, the mean of verbal intelligence, lexical literature, and creativity in the experimental group was 101, 10.7, 58.7, respectively. And in the post-test phase of the experimental group, these values were obtained 104, 11.5, 65.6, respectively, which indicates an increase in variables in the post-test stage compared to the pre-test. In addition, in the pre-test of the control group, mean of verbal intelligence, lexical literature, and creativity was reported as 99.3, 10.4, and 59, respectively, and in the post-test stage, these values were obtained 99, 10.05, and 58.6, respectively, which indicates that the values of variables in the control group did not differ in pre-test and post-test. Therefore, storytelling training had a significant effect on verbal intelligence (F = 12.88, P < 0.001), lexical literature (F = 14.6, P < 0.001), and creativity (F = 108.48, P < 0.001) variables.
Conclusion: Some students have problems in the field of verbal skills and on the other hand, verbal skills are a kind of crystallized intelligence. The results showed that using the method of storytelling had a significant effect on children's verbal intelligence, lexical literature, and creativity in the experimental group compared to control group.

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Background: The process of cancer and its treatment has effects on patients, so that the physical and mental function of the patient is reduced. In this regard, the use of therapeutic approaches to improve mental health problems caused by the disease has been identified and presented. Considering the repetition of other therapeutic strategies and the variety of psychological problems of patients with cancer, lack of use of two strategies of integrated transdiagnostic treatment and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) in the group of patients with cancer, and the impact of a person's cognitive skill on maintaining mental health, the purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of integrated transdiagnostic treatment and DBT in psychological well-being and pain perception of patients with cancer.
Methods: The design of this quasi-experimental study was pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with cancer in Isfahan, Iran, in 2021. The study sample consisted of 63 patients with cancer who were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to three experimental and control groups. Research data were collected using McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale and analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS software.
Findings: Integrated transdiagnostic and DBT education was effective in improving pain perception and psychological well-being of patients with cancer in the experimental group compared to the control group. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the two educational strategies (integrated transdiagnostic and DBT) in the post-test for variable of pain perception (0.58 and 0.42, respectively) and for the psychological well-being variable (0.27 and 0.17, respectively). In the follow-up phase, it was obtained as 0.58 and 0.43 for the pain perception variable and 0.30 and 0.17 for the psychological well-being variable (P < 0.01). Integrated transdiagnostic treatment has been more effective in the psychological well-being and pain perception of patients with cancer.
Conclusion: Integrated transdiagnostic treatment and DBT lead to increased psychological well-being and improved pain perception in patients, and health professionals can use this treatment method to improve the psychological performance of patients.

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Background: Detection of adulteration of the melamine addition to food products, which is done to increase the nitrogen content, is essential because of its risks to consumer health. The aim of this study was to investigate the amount of melamine in milk powder consumed by infants collected from different parts of Tehran, Iran, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in 2021.
Methods: In this study, 22 samples of infant formula consumed with different brands of the best-selling ones were collected in 22 districts of Tehran, and using ELISA-based diagnostic kit, melamine was searched, diagnosed, and its amount was determined and then compared with the standard limit.
Findings: Based on the results, in none of the samples of infant formula, values higher than the detection limit of the kit were observed.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it was found that melamine was not cheated in infant formula in Tehran in 2021 and in this regard, there is no danger to the consumer (infants).

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Background: Emotional divorce is an unpleasant event in married life that involves emotional, cognitive, behavioral, social, and even economic changes. In this regard, the use of new therapeutic approaches to improve and repair emotional divorce is increasing. The present study aims to compare the effectiveness of group therapy of enriching marital relationships and forgiveness on interpersonal motivations related to the wrongdoing of women involved in emotional divorce.
Methods: The method of the present study was experimental with pre-test, post-test design and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all women with emotional divorce who were referred to clinics affiliated to Isfahan Welfare Organization to receive family counseling services in 2020-2021. Using purposive sampling method, 60 women were selected and randomly divided into three groups of first experiment (n = 20), second experiment (n = 20), and control (n = 20). The experimental groups received the marital relationship enrichment intervention in seven sessions and forgiveness intervention in nine sessions over two months. Guttman Emotional Divorce Questionnaire and McCullough et al. Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations (TRIM) scale were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Findings: Training in enrichment of marital relationships and forgiveness was effective on revenge and avoidance of women involved in emotional divorce. Moreover, a significant difference was found between the two educational interventions in the post-test and follow-up stages, so that the relationship enrichment treatment was more effective on the avoidance component and the forgiveness intervention was more effective on the revenge component.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the interventions can be used as an effective solution to improve the psychological performance of couples with emotional divorce in family counseling centers, specialized clinics, and premarital educational centers.

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Background: Pomegranate paste is one of the nutritionally valuable foods due to its high content of minerals and antioxidant compounds, but adulteration can occur during the manufacture while it is sold as pure pomegranate paste. In this study, the quality and purity of 5 samples of industrial and 5 samples of traditional pomegranate paste available on the Iranian market have been investigated.
Methods: Physicochemical properties such as water-soluble solids, acidity, pH, formalin index, sucrose and ash contents, the presence of starch and benzoic acid, and the amount of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) were measured and compared with the national standard of Iran. To investigate the type and amount of organic acids and the possibility of adulteration with cheaper concentrates, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used.
Findings: The amount of soluble solids in the samples was within the national standard range. The acidity of the traditional Isfahan sample (8.90%) was higher than the standard acceptable level, and the pH (2.19) was less than the standard acceptable level. Formalin index in one of the industrial samples was 35.12% and within the permissible range of the national standard, and in other samples, it was less than the standard level. The sucrose amount in all samples was less than 6%, indicating that no sugar was added to the samples. The total ash content of the samples was within the acceptable standard level. In 4 traditional samples, the presence of starch was confirmed as an adulteration. None of the samples contained benzoic acid. The amount of HMF in the traditional samples was more than the industrial samples, and in the Saveh traditional paste, with a value of 52.13 ppm, was higher than the standard limit. Organic acids profile showed that citric acid, malic acid, and oxalic acid were the predominant acids in the samples, respectively, and the amount of tartaric acid was less than 1% or not detected.
Conclusion: According to the present results, pomegranate paste is more likely adulterated with starch or flour. In addition, it seems that in traditional pomegranate paste, due to the impossibility of control by the relevant organizations, adulteration is more likely, and also due to poor control of thermal process, the occurrence rate of Maillard reaction and HMF production is likely to be higher.

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