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Background: Acute low back pain is one of the most prevalent diseases which more than 90% of the adults experience at least once during lifetime. The present study was conducted to determine the efficacy of duration of hot water bag usageon pain relief in in the patients with acute low back pain.Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 20- to 50-year-old patients referring Orthopedic Clinic of Ayatollah Kashani Hospital, Shahrekord in 2012-2013. In this study, 60patients with acute low back pain were enrolled per convenience sampling; of these patients, two were excluded from the study because of refusal to continue the treatment. Finally the intervention was conducted on 58 patients who were assigned randomly into two groups (intervention, under treatment with hot water bag accompanied with routine treatment [naproxen] and control, under treatment with routine treatment alone) after homogenization. All patients were examined on first, third, eighth, and 15th days and the patients' pain was measured per McGill Pain Questionnaire and registered. The data were analyzed by SPSS 17 software using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, ANOVA, and chi-square at significance level of p< 0.05.Findings: In this study, 52% of the patients were female and 48% were male with mean age of 34 years. The findings indicated that pain intensity was significantly lower in the 15th day examination compared to the seventh and third day examinations in the group under treatment with hot water bag (P≤0.02). The overall mean score of pain in the first and 15th day examinations was respectively 12.70 and 0.75 in the intervention group and 12.96 and 5.58 in the control group.Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that continuous usage of hot water bag along with sedative medications could cause pain to be relieved much higher compared to taking medications alone (control) in the patients suffering from acute low back pain.

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Abstract Background: About 70% of all pregnant women suffer from pelvic girdle pain (PGP)and/or low and high back pain(LBP,HBP). The risk factors for developing pelvic girdle pain and back pain in general are history of previous low back pain or pelvic or pain in previous pregnancy. In order to study the relative frequency of different kinds of backache in pregnancy and possible risk factors for developing pelvic girdle pain and low or high back pain this study performed.Methods: In a cross-sectional study included 265 pregnant women that suffered from pelvic girdle pain (PGP) and / or low and high back pain (LBP, HBP). All pregnant women were underwent a thorough physical examination and then were allocated according to kind of pain into three classification groups: pelvic girdle pain (PGP), low LBP back pain(LBP) and high back pain (HBP) and according to outbreak of pain, into four classification groups: 0-12, 13-20 , 21-30 and 31-40 week. Data were collected by interviewed using a questionnaire and analyzed by Chi-square, ANOVA , kruskal-wallis and Mann-Whitney tests using SPSS software. In all tests the significance level was p< 0.05.Findings: A total of 265 pregnant women, majority of women (51.3%) had reported low back pain at the time of the examination. The prevalence of PGP was 27.5%, HBP was 6% and HBP and LBP together were 6.8% . In the 0-12 week most backache were in low back area (53.1%) , in the 13-24 week were in low back area(58.2%) ,in the 25-30 week were in pelvic area(47.7%) and in the 31-40 week were in pelvic area (42.2%). Most common area for diffuse in women with low back pain was legs and in women with pelvic pain was thigh.The risk factors for developing pelvic girdle pain and back pain in general are history of previous low back pain or pelvic or pain in previous pregnancy. No association was found between obstetric factors and pelvic girdle pain.Conclusion: PGP and LBP have high prevalence in pregnant women and majority of pregnant women report Low back pain (LBP). Therefore PGP and LBP is a major health problem that to solve this problem, an alternative should be considered. To reduce the pain accurate diagnosis and then recommend specific movements and exercises under the supervision of the rehabilitation is important.

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Background: Most people who suffer from chronic pain are exposed to major physical and mental problems and general health disorders throughout their lives. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy (ACT) based on pain in patients with chronic low back pain.
Methods: This study was a clinical trial and statistical population included 116 patients with chronic low back pain who referred to pain clinic. The McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) was used for data collection with the aim of assessing people's perception of different dimensions (sensory perception of pain, emotional perception of pain, perception of pain assessment, and various pains). 28 out of 116 patients who had the inclusion citeria were selected and randomly divided into a test group and a control group, each with 14 members. Intervention based on ACT was done on test group for eight 1.5-hour sessions. Finally, data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative tests for descriptive variables and Mann-Whitney test, chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, and Wilcoxon test with significant level of P < 0.05.
Findings: A high percentage of both groups were women with average age of 40.80 ± 25.10. There was not any significant statistical difference between two groups in terms of pain score and its various dimensions before the intervention. The results of pain score in terms of sensory perception, pain assessment perception, and in general, before and after the intervention in the test group (P = 0.039) and the overall score between the two groups (P = 0.035) were statistically significant. However, there were not any significant statistical changes in pain score and its different dimensions before, after, and three months after intervention in experimental group.
Conclusion: It seems that ACT has been able to affect sensory perception, pain assessment, and total score, and it may represent new horizons in clinical treatment and can be used as an effective intervention method.