Journal of Health System Research
مجله تحقیقات نظام سلامت
J Health Syst Res
Medical Sciences
http://hsr.mui.ac.ir
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ارزیابی انتشار استالدهید از پلیاتیلن ترفتالات تولید داخل مصرفی در فرایند تولید پریفرم و بطری در هوای محیط کار
Assessing the Emission Levels of Acetaldehyde in Workplace Air from Domestically Produced Polyethylene Terephthalate during the Production Process of Preforms and Bottles
مهندسی بهداشت حرفه ای و ایمنی کار
Occupational health engineering and occupational safety
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">مقدمه:</span></span></span></b><b> </b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">پلیاتیلن ترفتالات (پت) نسبت به گرما و اکسیداسیون حساس است و در دمای بالا که دمای معمول فرایند تولید پریفرم و بطری میباشد، دچار تخریب میشود و در نتیجه، ترکیبات فرار متنوعی تولید میکند که اصلیترین آنها استالدهید است. امروزه دانش در خصوص میزان انتشار استالدهید از پلیاتیلن ترفتالات در هوای محیط کار بسیار اندک میباشد. بنابراین، پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین میزان انتشار استالدهید در هوای محیط کار از پلیاتیلن ترفتالات تولید داخل در فرایند تولید پریفرم و بطری انجام شد</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span bold="" new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">روشها</span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">: </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">این<b> </b></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">مطالعه از نوع توصیفی- تحلیلی- مقطعی بود که در سال 1398 در یک کارخانه تولید پریفرم و بطری پلیاتیلن ترفتالات بر اساس متد شماره 2538 و 2549 مؤسسه ملی ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی آمریکا (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black"> یا </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">NIOSH</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">) و </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">با استفاده از روش نمونهبرداری از هوای محیط کار صورت گرفت. تجزیه و تحلیل نمونهها با استفاده از دستگاه گاز کروماتوگرافی- طیفسنجی جرمی (</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black"> یا </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">GC-MS</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">) و تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها در نرمافزار </span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:9.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">SPSS</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black"> انجام شد</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">یافتهها:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">میانگین غلظت استالدهید در هوای محیط کار در فرایند تولید پریفرم و بطری به ترتیب </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">8079/0 </span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">±</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> 3108/0</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> و 0145/0 </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span cambria="" style="font-family:"><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">±</span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> 0180/0 میلیگرم بر مترمکعب بود که این اختلاف از نظر آماری معنیدار نبود. بر اساس یافتهها، اختلاف معنیداری میان مدل دستگاه تزریق</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> و ویسکوزیته ذاتی پت با غلظت هوابرد استالدهید مشاهده شد. ضریب همبستگی </span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt">Spearman</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"> نشان داد که بین غلظت استالدهید در هوای محیط کار با میانگین دمای سیلندر و با حداکثر دمای سیلندر ارتباط معنیداری وجود داشت. ارتباط معنیداری میان دمای نازل، دمای قالب، زمان ماند و مدت زمان خشک شدن پت با غلظت استالدهید در هوای محیط کار مشاهده نشد.<b> </b>در آنالیز کیفی، 34 آلاینده منتشر شده از پت با درصد قطعیت تشخیص بیش از 80 درصد شناسایی گردید.</span></span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black"><span style="letter-spacing:-.1pt"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">نتیجهگیری:</span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black"> استالدهید تحت شرایط نرمال پردازشی در فرایند پردازش پت به پریفرم و بطری تولید میشود. با توجه سرطانزایی و محرک بودن استالدهید، کم بودن مقادیر الزاماً تعیینکننده ایمن بودن آن نیست و نیازمند توجه بیشتری است</span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span b="" style="font-family:" zar=""><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Background</span></span></span></b><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is sensitive to heat and oxidation, and it degrades at elevated temperatures typically used in the production process of preforms and bottles, resulting in the generation of various volatile compounds, with acetaldehyde being the primary one. Few studies are found on the emission levels of acetaldehyde in workplace air from PET. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the emission levels of acetaldehyde in workplace air from domestically produced PET during the production process of preforms and bottles</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Methods:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">This descriptive-analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 at a PET preform and bottle manufacturing plant. Sampling was performed based on the methodologies 2538 and 2549, established by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), employing workplace air sampling and the analysis of samples using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Findings:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">The mean concentration of acetaldehyde in the workplace air during the production processes of preforms and bottles was 0.3108 ± 0.8079 mg/m³ and 0.0180 ± 0.0145 mg/m³, respectively, with no statistically significant difference found. Statistical tests indicated significant differences in the concentration of airborne acetaldehyde related to the injection machinery model and PET's intrinsic viscosity. The Spearman correlation coefficient revealed a significant relationship between acetaldehyde concentration in workplace air and the mean cylinder temperature as well as the maximum cylinder temperature; however, no significant statistical relationship was found between the nozzle temperature, mold temperature, residence time, and drying time with acetaldehyde concentration in workplace air. Qualitative analysis identified 34 pollutants emitted from PET, with a diagnostic certainty exceeding 80%.</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
<span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="text-justify:kashida"><span style="text-kashida:0%"><span style="line-height:normal"><span sans-serif="" style="font-family:Calibri,"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Conclusion:</span></span></span></b> <span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">Acetaldehyde is produced under normal processing conditions in the PET production processes of preforms and bottles. Given acetaldehyde's carcinogenic and irritant properties, the low concentrations observed do not necessarily indicate safety and warrant further attention</span></span></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
پلیاتیلن ترفتالات, استالدهید, هوا, ویسکوزیته, دما
Polyethylene terephthalate, Acetaldehyde, Air, Viscosity, Temperature
177
184
http://hsr.mui.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-350-3&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Bahram
Naderi-Mansourabadi
بهرام
نادری منصورآبادی
bahramnaderi68@gmail.com