Background: Citizenship sports as a social phenomenon rebuilds society based on promoting a healthy lifestyle through treatment and prevention. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors affecting the development of sports citizenship in Iran, with a focus on the health of citizens.
Methods: This research followed a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative). In the first part, with a qualitative approach and a systematic method, database searches were conducted for studies published in the last 10 years, resulting in 178 studies being identified. After screening the studies based on the established criteria, 17 studies were selected for analysis, and the results of studies were aggregated with the method of document content analysis and coding method, and finally, indicators were extracted. In the second phase, extracted indicators were presented to 12 purposefully selected experts in the form of 53 closed-ended questions with a 5-point Likert scale through the Delphi method. The experts' opinions were used to revise, merge, or eliminate indicators. After reaching a group agreement, the Delphi process was completed in three rounds and the factors influencing the development of Iranian citizenship sports were extracted with an emphasis on citizens' health.
Findings: Influential factors in the development of Iranian citizenship sports included behavior stabilization in sports, environmental attractiveness, public service delivery, national planning, effective management, sports structure of the country, assessment and evaluation, Iranian-Islamic capacities, education development, successful scientific models, volunteer support, climatic-geographical factors, family sports infrastructure, educational sports development, economic infrastructure, legal factors, media management, and governance factors.
Conclusion: By implementing changes in macro policies and adopting strategic foresight to prioritize health and enhance societal well-being, sustainable development of citizenship sports will be attained.