Volume 21, Issue 4 (1-2026)
J Health Syst Res 2026, 21(4): 536-544 |
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Research code: IR.MUI.RESEARCH.REC.1400.468
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Molavi-Vardanjani E, Shahnazi H, Pirzadeh A, Amidi-Mazaheri M, Eslami A A, Rahimi M, et al . Investigating the Relationship between Intra-Individual Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccination Decisions in Isfahan, Iran: An Analysis Based on the Extended Parallel Process Model Examining Interpersonal Relationships and COVID-19 Vaccination. J Health Syst Res 2026; 21 (4) :536-544
URL: http://hsr.mui.ac.ir/article-1-1735-en.html
URL: http://hsr.mui.ac.ir/article-1-1735-en.html
Elham Molavi-Vardanjani1 
, Hossein Shahnazi2 , Asieh Pirzadeh3 , Maryam Amidi-Mazaheri2 , Ahmad Ali Eslami2 , Majid Rahimi3 , Zohreh Fathian3 , Mohammad Javad Tarahi4 , Leila Ahmadi5 , Firouzeh Mostafavi2
, Hossein Shahnazi2 , Asieh Pirzadeh3 , Maryam Amidi-Mazaheri2 , Ahmad Ali Eslami2 , Majid Rahimi3 , Zohreh Fathian3 , Mohammad Javad Tarahi4 , Leila Ahmadi5 , Firouzeh Mostafavi2
1- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2- Professor, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
3- Associate Professor, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
4- Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
5- PhD, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
2- Professor, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
3- Associate Professor, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
4- Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
5- PhD, Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Abstract: (21 Views)
Background: Vaccines are effective in preventing death and the contraction of diseases; therefore, the decision to accept or hesitate in receiving the COVID-19 vaccine is crucial for public health. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between intra-individual factors influencing the decision to receive the Covid-19 vaccination in Isfahan, based on the extended parallel process model (EPPM).
Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design. The statistical population consisted of 500 individuals aged 18 and older who, according to data from the Isfahan Province Health Department, resided in cities with the lowest vaccination coverage. To collect data, participants completed a researcher-developed questionnaire based on the constructs of the EPPM online. The data were then analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, independent t-tests, chi-square tests, and ANOVA in SPSS.
Findings: The results of the study indicated that the dimensions of reluctance, fear, and behavior significantly differ between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals (P < 0.001). Specifically, unvaccinated individuals scored higher in these dimensions. However, no significant differences were observed between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals regarding the dimensions of necessity, doubt, support, and trust in this study (P = 0.910).
Conclusion: The results of this study may be valuable in planning educational activities aimed at increasing acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine and addressing the factors that contribute to vaccine hesitancy. Given the validity and reliability of the questionnaire used to measure attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination in adults, experts can utilize these findings to design targeted interventions. By improving attitudes toward vaccination, these interventions can ultimately enhance vaccination behavior and increase overall COVID-19 vaccine coverage.
Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design. The statistical population consisted of 500 individuals aged 18 and older who, according to data from the Isfahan Province Health Department, resided in cities with the lowest vaccination coverage. To collect data, participants completed a researcher-developed questionnaire based on the constructs of the EPPM online. The data were then analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, independent t-tests, chi-square tests, and ANOVA in SPSS.
Findings: The results of the study indicated that the dimensions of reluctance, fear, and behavior significantly differ between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals (P < 0.001). Specifically, unvaccinated individuals scored higher in these dimensions. However, no significant differences were observed between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals regarding the dimensions of necessity, doubt, support, and trust in this study (P = 0.910).
Conclusion: The results of this study may be valuable in planning educational activities aimed at increasing acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine and addressing the factors that contribute to vaccine hesitancy. Given the validity and reliability of the questionnaire used to measure attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination in adults, experts can utilize these findings to design targeted interventions. By improving attitudes toward vaccination, these interventions can ultimately enhance vaccination behavior and increase overall COVID-19 vaccine coverage.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
education health and promotion
Received: 2024/01/22 | Accepted: 2024/10/23 | Published: 2026/01/5
Received: 2024/01/22 | Accepted: 2024/10/23 | Published: 2026/01/5
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