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Background: Adopting Information Technology (IT) systems in an organization is a decision which faces several challenges. This study has been conducted with the aim of analyzing barriers and challenges in application of ICT in medical science universities in general and the Ilam medical science university in particular. Methods: The studied population was the employees of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, from which 206 individuals were selected. Data collected by a self-administrated questionnaire. In order to categorize the barriers of ICT Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with Varimax rotation was used. Findings: Conducting EFA, challenges of ICT applications in medical universities were summarized in following seven factors: 1- Poor hardware infrastructure 2- Lack of an ICT strategic plan 3- Lack of access to user-friendly software and applications 4- Poor digital literacy of staffs 5- Lack of staffs__AWT_QUOTE__ belief regarding ICT effectiveness 6- High cost of changes from traditional to new ICT-based systems 7- Staffs__AWT_QUOTE__ resistance Conclusion: Providing necessary infrastructure, developing in ICT strategic plan and introducing user-friendly computer and web-based software and application can be helpful in acceptance of this technology.

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