Volume 22, Issue 3 (10-2026)
J Health Syst Res 2026, 22(3): 513-521 |
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Research code: IR.ABZUMS.REC.1401.109
Ethics code: IR.ABZUMS.REC.1401.109
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Jalali-Kanimi S F, Ghaderi M, Aminnejad M, Imani N S, Rafiemanesh H. Prevalence and Association of Supplement Use with Body Image among Male Bodybuilders in Tehran City, Iran. J Health Syst Res 2026; 22 (3) :513-521
URL: http://hsr.mui.ac.ir/article-1-2015-en.html
URL: http://hsr.mui.ac.ir/article-1-2015-en.html
Seyedeh Fatemeh Jalali-Kanimi1 
, Mobin Ghaderi2 , Mojgan Aminnejad1 , Nafiseh Sadat Imani3 , Hosein Rafiemanesh4
, Mobin Ghaderi2 , Mojgan Aminnejad1 , Nafiseh Sadat Imani3 , Hosein Rafiemanesh4
1- Student Research Committee AND Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
2- Student of Medicine, Student Research Committee AND School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
3- Student Research Committee AND Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
4- Assistant Professor, Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
2- Student of Medicine, Student Research Committee AND School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
3- Student Research Committee AND Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
4- Assistant Professor, Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
Abstract: (291 Views)
Background: Dissatisfaction with body image, particularly among athletes, can lead to increased consumption of sports supplements, which may be associated with nutritional disorders and adverse side effects. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of supplement use and its relationship with body image among male bodybuilders in Tehran City, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2023 to March 2024 on 321 male bodybuilders in Tehran City. A multistage cluster sampling method was used by randomly selecting gyms from four geographical regions of the city. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS software. Statistical tests, including independent t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test, and multivariable linear regression, were employed to examine the effects of independent variables on body image.
Findings: Seventy three percent of participants used supplements, with dietary and vitamin supplements being the most common. Although supplement use was prevalent, this study found no significant relationship between supplement use and body image (P = 0.184). However, a significant association was observed between time spent in the gym and body image (P < 0.001), as well as notable differences in body image based on socio-economic status (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The use of supplements, particularly dietary supplements and vitamins, is prevalent among male bodybuilders in Tehran City; however, no direct association was found with body image. Future research should investigate the association between supplement use and body image, alongside other behavioral and psychological variables.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2023 to March 2024 on 321 male bodybuilders in Tehran City. A multistage cluster sampling method was used by randomly selecting gyms from four geographical regions of the city. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS software. Statistical tests, including independent t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test, and multivariable linear regression, were employed to examine the effects of independent variables on body image.
Findings: Seventy three percent of participants used supplements, with dietary and vitamin supplements being the most common. Although supplement use was prevalent, this study found no significant relationship between supplement use and body image (P = 0.184). However, a significant association was observed between time spent in the gym and body image (P < 0.001), as well as notable differences in body image based on socio-economic status (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: The use of supplements, particularly dietary supplements and vitamins, is prevalent among male bodybuilders in Tehran City; however, no direct association was found with body image. Future research should investigate the association between supplement use and body image, alongside other behavioral and psychological variables.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Biostatistics and Epidemiology
Received: 2025/02/24 | Accepted: 2025/10/27 | Published: 2026/10/7
Received: 2025/02/24 | Accepted: 2025/10/27 | Published: 2026/10/7
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