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Background: Adolescence is the key period for smoking initiation, and identifying predictors of smoking is critical to tobacco control programs. This study tested the role of smoking self-identity in the theory of planned behavior (TPB) model to predict the adolescents' smoking behavior. Methods: The data were derived from a cross sectional study among 250 male high school students (mean age of 16.21 ± 1.45) at the Zarandieh, Iran. A multiple-stage randomized sampling protocol was used. The participants completed an anonymous, voluntary, self-report questionnaire designed based on TPB model and smoking self-identity. Data were analyzed by SPSS16, and Lisrel8.8 software. Findings: The results indicated that the original version of TPB, has a better fitness (AIC = 31.87, CAIC = 95.57, ECVI = 0.088) compared to the TPB developed by the smoking self-identity (AIC = 54.42, CAIC = 176.77, ECVI = 0.15). The TPB constructs with smoking self-identity accounted for 52% of intention and 37% of smoking behavior variance. The TPB model covered 52% of intention and 35% of smoking behavior variance. Conclusion: The findings did not provide empirical support to the idea that the TPB might benefit from being extended with self-identity in predicting intentions and behavior. In addition, the results indicated that PBC play a more crucial role than the other TPB components in intentions to try smoking. Indeed PBC should be considered when developing tailored interventions for the prevention of smoking among adolescents.

Keywords: Smoking, Self-Identity, Theory of Planned Behavior

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