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Background: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the most effective way to prevent AIDS is health education. Adolescent girls are one of the high-risk groups in this regard. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of educational interventions based on the health belief model (HBM) on the promotion of AIDS preventive behaviors in female high school students in Mashhad, Iran, in 2016.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 female high school students. The subjects were divided equally into case and control groups (n = 40). The educational intervention was performed in the form of lectures and group discussion in the experimental group. The data collection tool was a 3-part questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics, and HBM knowledge and constructs. Collected data were analyzed using paired t-test, independent t-test, and chi-square in SPSS software.Findings: In this study, no significant differences were observed between the two study groups in terms of demographic characteristics. Before the intervention, there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy (P > 0.05). However, after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the groups in the mentioned variables except perceived susceptibility (P < 0.05).Conclusion: The research findings demonstrated the effectiveness of the HBM on AIDS preventive behaviors. The results indicated that education based on the HBM improved knowledge, perceived severity, benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy and reduce perceived barriers among female students. Creating sensitivity in this age group requires long term intervention.

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